To better understand the processes that cause solar storms and space weather, NASA, in partnership with other national and international agencies, conducts space missions to study the Sun-Earth Connection. Energy is radiated away from these explosions in the form of X-rays, gamma rays, and high energy particles of matter. When this happens, plasma can be violently smashed down into the Sun's surface - a solar flare - or squirted out into interplanetary space - a coronal mass ejection (CME). Sometimes these loops become twisted or over-stretched, and they rapidly change back to simpler forms.
The plasma in these magnetic loops is heated to the point that it gives off ultraviolet light. They are actually footprints of active regions where enormous loops of magnetic force trap plasma within them in the corona (atmosphere) of the Sun. Sunspots are locations on the Sun where extremely strong magnetic fields have cooled the hot plasma (electrically charged gas) to slightly less than that of the surrounding regions. However, the occasional dark blemishes on its face - sunspots - give hints of the dangers to us lurking above the surface in the unseen Sun.
The Sun we observe every day appears constant and quiescent, dependably providing the planet with the energy necessary to maintain life. Solar Flares are powerful bursts of electromagnetic energy in the Sun's atmosphere.
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